The size of a company is not important for global trade nowadays Essay

The size of a company is not important for global trade nowadays - Essay Example But currently lot of other substitute electronic products with superior quality and cheaper price, from different parts of the world are available in almost every local market in the world because of globalization and free trade policies adopted by many countries. For example, Chinese products are causing immense damages to the reputed brands because of the cheaper prices. Global trade have big impacts on employment, community and the economy of a country. It is difficult for a country to stay away from global market at present because of the inter-linkage of global economies because of globalization. Any problems occurred at some part of the world can cause problems in other parts as well. For example the American financial crisis has resulted in many people losing their jobs including those from overseas countries. The persons returns from America will be a burden for other countries and those countries need to spend heavy amounts for the rehabilitation of such people. Global trade can impact other communication media also. Internet media (blogs, message boards, podcasts, and video sharing), radio networks, mass-circulation newspapers and magazines all are part of global trade. Globalization boosted the global trade and communication with the help of integration of regional economies, societies, and cultures. For example, reality shows were earlier popular in America and UK like countries. But the increased awareness about the western culture because of global trade activities resulted in exchange of cultural values and reality shows like television programs are nowadays popular in India, Pakistan and Middle Eastern countries. â€Å"The greater financial interdependence of national economies can also increase insecurity among rural populations† (Winkels). Rural population mostly concentrate on agriculture for finding their livelihood. The prices of their crops are

Advantages of reduced hierarchy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advantages of reduced hierarchy - Essay Example In the past, hierarchy helped to define the role of employees within the same organization. It also outlines the relationship between employees. Hierarchy makes organizations stand out with limited control spans. Several organizations are becoming flatter, reducing levels of hierarchy and widening the span of control. There are several reasons to explain this promising trend among the hierarchical organization. However, hierarchical organizations have their share of disadvantages. First, hierarchy makes organizations assume a bureaucratic nature. This can slow the response rates to the needs of customers within the operations of the organization. Additionally, hierarchy in organizations contributes to the weakening of communication links within organizations. Furthermore, since hierarchy assumes a horizontal nature of information flow, some beneficial decisions can remain with the top of the hierarchy, making the employees at the bottom of the hierarchy disadvantaged (Fernandez & Gon zalez, 2001, p. 108). Based on these reasons, many organizations are resorting to the reduction of hierarchical levels within the organization. This paper will explore some of the advantages reduced hierarchal would benefit an organization. The need to stay profitable in the fast changing business environment has made business organizations reexamine their management styles. Organizations whose hierarchal structures are tall are less likely to respond quickly to external changes compared with entities with flatter hierarchal structures. The need to hasten the structure of management of any business enterprise requires the implementation of the process of delayering. This allows a business organization to remove some structures in its hierarchy to maintain a flatter hierarchal structure. Although this process has some disadvantages to the business, it also has multiple benefits as well. Hierarchical organizations ensure that employees at the apex of the hierarchy enjoy greater presti ge and privileges as compared to persons at the base of the hierarchy. As much as this benefits people at the top of the hierarchy in terms of increased self-esteem, self worth and other material benefits, it also contributes to the disorientation of the employees at the bottom of the hierarchy. As a result, these people will feel disadvantaged due to increased feelings of low self-esteem, limited or lack of access to handouts and low self worth. Consequently, their output would drastically reduce. Consequently, the productivity of the organization would equally reduce as well. It is necessary that organizations reduce their hierarchal levels to reverse this trend (Wallgrun, 2010, p. 119). Hierarchy in organizations ensure that somebody at the top only deal with the person who is directly under him or her. This implies that a top manager would not likely communicate directly with individuals at the bottom of the hierarchy. A hierarchy has several levels meaning that people only work with persons that are immediately below or above them. In case where a certain decision is supposed to reach everyone in the organization, this process would be so unyielding and time consuming. This is because the hierarchy does not address people directly by the top management. However, reducing the multiple levels of hierarchy would help to quicken the flow of information within the organization besides ensuring that little distortion to the information happens. The reduction of hierarchal levels within business organizations would ensure that employees get the opportunity to communicate with each other. This enhances teamwork besides creating a good working atmosphere for the organization.

Theroies Behind Female Criminality Research Paper

Theroies Behind Female Criminality - Research Paper Example In trying to explain the observed phenomena, the paper analyses critical theory, feminist theory, strain theory and biological determinism. Finally, solutions borrowed from various scholars in criminology would be proposed on how to prevent female criminality in the society. Female criminality has been neglected by researchers with authors conceiving it differently. The reason behind this could be because of the fewer women who break the law than men (Burgess-Proctor, 2006). The US Department of Justice (2006) noted that as of 2005, crimes committed by women stood at 19.2% against 78.5% committed by men. But by 2008, the total males arrested for criminal offences had reduced to 75.5%, 65.2% being arrested for crimes related to property with more serious crimes attracting more male arrests (Jensen, 2012). Between 2004 and 2008, male arrests increased by 0.6% while female arrests increased by 5.1%. By mid 2008, there were about 207,700 women in jails in the US, an increase of about 33% from the year 2000. But the female population in the US comprises more than half the entire population which protects them from prosecution of crime or even detection. Hence, female criminality deserves more research than what has been accomplished so far. More so, 60% of these women in prisons in the US have children to take care of. A typical female crime committer would be young and from a minority low socio-economic condition. Majority of them would have low education and inadequate job skills to fend for the families (Hudson, 2010). As earlier indicated, female criminality involves less of violent crimes and crimes related to property; the crimes committed by women tend to be less dangerous as compared to those committed by men, a gender typical pattern (Jensen, 2012). These crimes do not violate the traditional norms for women where women would not be dominant but submissive instead. As such, it has been widely appreciated that women criminality could be considered as resista nce or victimization as opposed to being criminality. Female criminality theories Also referred to as radical criminology theory, critical criminology theory has been cited by Smart (2009) as explaining female criminology. This theory perceives women from the economic structure aspect and the social structures conflicts. Female criminality has been considered as a function of the existent capitalist system which prohibits women from equal access to economic benefits enjoyed by men. According to Price and Sokoloff (2004), spending most of the time at home hinders women from committing crime and if they do so, it would be in conjunction with their traditional roles as home makers, wives and mothers thus shoplifting, prostitution or fraud would be common crimes among them. In case of a violent crime, then it would be directed towards their lovers, husbands and children. The feminist theory and feminism has been described by Price and Sokoloff (2004) as a theory with diverse perspective that women interests have been perceived overtly politically so as to propagate social justice and equality. This theory looks at male dominance against the women in the modern society and its effect against women and on crime. This has been likened by Smart (2009) to the focus on power which has caused most men to be on top of the corporate ladder than women. Jensen (2012) gives an example of the federal level where there were 17 out of 100 senators in the US in 2010 and 76 out of 435 in the

Metaphors We Live By George Lakoff and Mark Johnson Essay

Metaphors We Live By George Lakoff and Mark Johnson - Essay Example The book has been most illuminating in its exposition of role of linguistic in the life of man. The various aspect of human life incorporates ideas and concepts that are instinctively used in relation to our interaction with other people. Arguments, love, work paradigm etc are intrinsic part of life and social construction on these areas by different people varies vastly. Indeed, arguments are often perceived and compared to war primarily because they are designed to be won over by one party! Arguments are war and ideas are indefensible show that words like war and indefensible are used to convey strong feelings of competition and winning. The authors justifiably argue that while people in general are against war but the very concept of winning is ingrained within human psyche that is expressed through words. We are often prone to use language that best conform to our mental state at that time. If we are agitated or angry, we use words that may convey violence! The book has delved in to the wider implication and role of linguistic in the daily life of man. It has confirmed that communication is an important medium of expressing and explaining facts through words that could convey many things and therefore is used colloquially to emphasize a point of view.

Rewrite and clarification of problem statement and Lit review Essay

Rewrite and clarification of problem statement and Lit review - Essay Example Social support is commonly employed as a means to pacify the tense individuals. Social support plays an important role in solving marital problems and has provided greatly improved the marital satisfaction among couples conventionally. Social support is very important tool for dealing with marital problems and often leads to positive outcomes. It is deemed good for the sustainability of marriage as well as the psychological wellbeing of the whole family (Cummings, 1998, p. 78). Owing to the noticeable usability of social support in sustaining a marriage, there has been blossoming interest in studying the role of social support in safeguarding marriages from potentially pathogenic effects of marital problems (Verhofstadt et al, 2005, p. 23). People even seek counseling when there is no proper need for it. However, it is a useful practice. One does not have to get extremely distressed in order to seek help (Goodman, 1999, p. 342). â€Å"Marriage  counseling  is a type of relations hip therapy that focuses on building and maintaining a strong, healthy marriage† (Foster, 2011). Social support providers have developed counseling programs to suit the needs of elderly couples who conventionally remain out of the focus. However, elderly couples feel much more reluctant than young couples to seek social support in order to improve their marital relationship. In context of this matter, factors that may influence the alliance of the elderly people with the social support provider become concerns of prime importance. In order for the marriage counselor to gain a firm understanding of the underlying issues causing trouble in the marital relationship of the client, he/she needs to know about various matters related to the married life of the client. It is a must for the marriage counselor to develop a certain level of intimacy with the couple so that the job can be done appropriately. It is highly unlikely for a client to make a collaborative relationship with a co unselor without the existence of trust between the two (Sheth and Sobel, 2000, p. 4). One way in which their reluctance can be overcome is by developing marital counseling programs particularly to suit the needs of elderly people. There are several factors that play a decisive role in determining the level of intimacy between the client and the marriage counselor. Such factors include but are not limited to the age, sex, race, language and culture of both the client and the marriage counselor. Culture that the client and the counselor mutually share directs adequate need-based practices and behaviors (Oladipo and Balogun, 2010, p. 5). Physical attributes influence the formation of initial impressions between strangers (Newcomb et al., 1965). According to Beutler et al. (1986), the chronological age greatly impacts the initial impressions that clients form of counselors. Because of their limited experience, many young counselors have little to no experience of interaction with an old client. The very lack of experience on the part of young counselors limits their comfort or interest in dealing with the old people (San, 2011). It is quite likely for an old client to be skeptical about the eligibility of a young marriage counselor in helping him improve his marital relationship with his spouse. Several theories provide the hypothesis about the views of old clients in need of

Mobile Jacuzzis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mobile Jacuzzis - Essay Example In addition, the decision to hire is justified because it would reduce the efforts and hustles needed in the course of maintaining it. Besides, this would help to reduce disappointments especially in case the Jacuzzi fails to function when needed. Mobile Jacuzzi always comes with everything set including clean and warm water. On the other hand, since not everybody would afford to buy and install Jacuzzi, hiring one at a time when families want to enjoy would be convenient and less expensive. In another dimension, the demand for mobile Jacuzzi cannot be underestimated because every family would like to have some time to enjoy. In addition, given the fact that mobile Jacuzzi would only come at affordable prices, the need for families to enjoy would grow now and then as long they are able to afford. Mobile Jacuzzi can be argued to be marketable because higher, average, and lower classes can afford to hire it as opposed to buying, installing and maintaining it. To some people especially the rich, mobile Jacuzzi stops from being a luxury to being a want. After a long day of hustles and tiresome activities, mobile Jacuzzi would offer a good opportunity for such people to relax their minds. In addition, mobile Jacuzzi is more convenient especially to people that would want to have a break from the boring environment. They can have it brought to their convenient place where they want to enjoy. In light of this, it can be argued that mobile Jacuzzi is well positioned to contain the value that every person would want to have. For instance, persons with distress and other psychological disorders are believed to have their conditioned relieved whenever they take time to do things that they love. Some people consider taking sometime using mobile Jacuzzi as one of the ways in which they can relieve their distressing issues. Analytically, it is correct to argue that mobile Jacuzzi has all the value attached to it that

Managament Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managament Style - Essay Example There exist divergent types of management styles that includes democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire, paternalistic, informal, participatory and supervisory etc. Depending on organizational setting, a particular style may do well than another. All the above management styles have been summed up by Thepot in three types of leadership in the management literature as follows: the directive leadership, the transactional leadership as well as transformational leadership. It is acceptable that different managers exhibit different styles of leadership in the course of their duty. Authoritarian style This is a style of leadership also known as coercive style of management due to its uncontrollable ways. According to this style, a manager mostly demands compliance through intimidation which is basically where only the manager has a say and his demands goes un opposed. The managers give direction without asking the opinion of his juniors and convince them on how to follow his or her requirements. According to Efere, this method puts pressure on the employees which does not work well in modern business organizations as it attracts rebellion and demoralization of staff and might lead to legal redress for harassment at work place. Nevertheless, the suitability of authoritarian management style is applicable in a crises situation where a decisive measure must be taken. Democratic style A democratic manager seeks to attain his objectives through consulting his staff and coming to a compromise in decision making. When a manager involves and seeks the opinion of his or her staff on serious issues, they create a sense of responsibility and ownership among the staff who feels their contribution is valued. (Efere, 2003). As depicted by Efere (2003) such management style is likely to dispel rebellion within the staff. Nonetheless, this might be problematic in instances where the staffs are against the implementation of an important plan. In spite of this, effective communication is attainable, leading to reduced rebellion within an organization where this management style is applied. Laissez-Faire Style In this type of management style which is also known as permissive style, staff gets little direction or none at all from their managers, thus being allowed to perform their duties freely. This presents to the staff a great sense of empowerment making them feel proud of be ing in charge of their work and confident of working without supervision (Efere, 2003). However it is very advisable that this style of management be applicable where staffs are experienced and highly proficient, interested in working unmanned, trustworthy, and independent experts sourced from outside. The potential problems with this style are: first, feedback from the staff is limited if any, thus the manager is kept in the dark in regard to what is happening in his company. Secondly, it can lead to insecurity and uncertainty within the staff members should the staff be improperly trained and inexperienced. Thirdly, a situation may arise whereby the managers withhold compliments due to the staff since they are not well acquainted with the efficiency of the staff. Lastly, the responsibilities and the role played by the manager are gradually reduced and sometimes their presence is not felt by the staff. Bureaucratic style Efere (2003) argues that Bureaucratic style