Kant’s Critique of Utilitarianism Essay

Kant’s critique of Utilitarianism is that it treats people as a means not as an ends in themselves. Since he is a deontologist he presumes that there is a universal moral imperative, certain ways in which we must act, no matter what our individual desires or needs or utility might be. The Categorical Imperative is an idea of reason. This knowledge is not derived from experience but rather, it is a priori. It also binds us and we all act in a certain way because of it. It is unconditional. It is the first principle of the moral law and it applies to rational and reasonable beings. Since we are sensuous creatures, we experience the moral law as a constraint. We have a tendency to do otherwise because we may come across moral dilemmas. Sometimes we know we should do something but we might reason against it. Kant believed that by putting something through the CI procedure we would be able to see if it was moral or immoral. There are four steps in this procedure. First you formulate you subjective maxim. Let us use the example that: I will cheat on my philosophy test because I didn’t have enough time to study. The next step is to generalize this maxim, so for every time I don’t have enough time to study I will cheat on my philosophy test. Then you universalize this maxim as if it were an instinct: everyone will cheat on their philosophy test every time they don’t have enough time to study. You then take this new law and join it with the old law and compare its affects. Now that I have put it through these four steps it is a given that people will study on their philosophy test every time they don’t have enough time to study. This will take away the value of a good grade that a person that studies may receive. You then ask yourself two questions: Can I coherently conceive of such a world? And if so, Can I sincerely will such a world? If at the end of all this, the maxim drops out and passes all these tests then it is okay to act on it because it is morally permissible. As seen in my example, it is not moral to cheat on a test because if everyone did it then it would devalue the good grades that people got that put work and effort into studying for the test. Kant claims that acting from the categorical Imperative â€Å"reveals to us our freedom and dignity†, by this he means that Dignity brings about your morality which is what makes you part of the Kingdom of ends. It frees us from our senses by making us realize our own nature. The Categorical  Imperative reveals what is moral and immoral and therefore we are able distinguish the two and this allows us to be autonomous and if you are autonomous then you are free.

The review of the Documentary: The Corporation

The Corporation is a Canadian documentary film, which appeared in 2003. The movie is based on the book â€Å"The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power† by Joel Bakan. Filmmaking team, which consists of Jennifer Abbott, Joel Bakan and Mark Achbar, has produced a nice combination of documentary movie presented in an unusual way. It explores origins, development and present state of corporation. The authors of the film study the impact corporations have on the modern society in general and individual people in particular. The film presents unprejudiced view on such mega corporations as McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, IBM and Nike. Michael Moore, Naomi Klein, Milton Friedman and Noam Chomsky, respected economists and Noble prize-winners, express their views on the impact of corporation.   They make a good deal showing true appearance of corporations and influence they have on average people. This is the type of the movie, which makes people think and imagine possible consequences of the activities of the corporations we now perceive as an inevitable part of our life. Sharp critics in the movie do not only express the opinion of the authors. Much data and statistics presented in the movie prove that facts given there are not a fruit of the authors’ imagination. The film explores an important problem and those, who care about their own future and future of their children, should be aware of the facts given there. The authors of the movie treat corporations as separate individuals and judge their deeds accordingly. Watching things from such a perspective gives the audience a better understanding of the harm committed by the corporations to the society. Specific examples help to create necessary effect. Originally, corporation was created by the government and possessed specific functions. In modern world corporations possess legal rights same as individuals do. Such equality was primary initiated by the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, which gave corporations or time-limited entities same rights as individuals. Such a decision has had a long-lasting effect including misuse or even abuse of monopoly, additional political influence and many others. The authors try to analyze corporations using criteria of modern psychology, such as DSM-IV, Robert Hare’s and other evaluation criteria.   They treat world-famous corporations as psychopaths. American corporations become the object of scrupulous attention. All the results show that if treated like a person, a corporation would have serious personality disorders. Corporations are estimated in regard to their â€Å"serial behaviors† with the help of a â€Å"Personality Diagnostic Checklist.† Those, who organize an experiment find such things of disorders as manipulation, lying, paying no attention to the needs of other people and many others, which modern psychologists associate with psychopathic individuals. It is worth to mention that experiment is made by true psychologists and it means that their diagnosis can be trusted. Theoretical basis of the movie gives a lot of exact data and statistics. This helps the audience to make their own conclusions concerning the problem. Long theorizing can be boring at times but the authors did their best in order not to miss any important information, which would be able to influence people’s opinion. The authors use strong arguments in order to prove their thesis. At the same time The Corporation uses entertaining techniques and has things, which can attract audience and entertain it. Exploring on of the most influential models of modern time, the authors of the film are far from abstract rhetoric and pathetic claims. Great number of commentators, who express their opinion on the subject, make an impression of professional and deep investigation performed by the authors.   In addition to serious investigation and opinion of qualified specialists, wit and humorous narration style helps to avoid dullness. Computer graphics create additional visionary effects and adds special charm to the film. Irony, wit and humor help the authors of the movie to express their main idea –   to shed light to such important questions as global warming, exhausting natural resource, governmental corruption, human rights and rich-poor gap and the way corporations are messed up with all these problems. The film is challenging not only because it uses innovative approach comparing corporations to individuals, but also because it gives new perspective on the problem with corporation. Filmmakers tell a story of corporations and show how they became so powerful and mighty that even can influence lives of people all over the world. They show dirty tricks used by these corporations and point out the possible consequences if the situation develops in this direction.   It is hard to believe in the impartial attitude of the filmmakers but in our age of globalization where corporation control economy, politics and even minds of people any chance should be used in order to bring truth to people and filmmakers do their best in order to use it. What I really liked about the movie was a combination of different ways to influence the audience. Filmmakers combine data and statistics, which give food for thoughts with the emotional appeal to people, who watch the movie. Such a combination is more likely to target hearts and minds of people and these means that the authors will be successful in passing their message to the audience. Bibliography ARCHBAR, M.,   ABBOTT, J. (2004)   The Corporation. Big Picture Media. The CORPORATION OFFICIAL WEBSITE htt

Bryan

The Locos were a radical faction of the Democratic Party that existed from 1835 until the mid-asses. ;The faction was originally named the Equal Rights Party, and was created in New York City as a protest against that city regular Democratic organization Tammany Hall. In general, Locos supported Andrew Jackson and Van Burden, and Were for free trade, greater circulation of specie, legal protections for labor unions and against paper money, financial speculation, and state banks. Specie Circular ; The Specie Circular, or Coinage Act, was an executive order issued by U. S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by succeeding President Martin Van Burden. ; The Act was a reaction to the growing concerns about excessive speculations of land after the Indian removal, which was mostly done with soft currency. Long Cabin campaign, Tippecanoe and Tyler too, ND the election of 1840 Tippecanoe and Tyler too was a very popular and influential campaign song of the Whig Partys colorful Log Cabin campaign in the 1840 United States presidential [->l]election. Its lyrics sang the praises of Whig candidates William Henry Harrison (the hero of Tippecanoe) and John Tyler, while denigrating incumbent Democrat Martin Van Burden. ; The United States presidential election of 1 840 saw President Martin Van Burden fight for re-election against an economic depression and a Whig Party unified for the first time behind war hero William Henry [->garrison and his log bin campaign. Second Great Awakening ; The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement during the early 1 9th century in the United States.

R.V. Martin (Anthony Edward (2001) ECWA Crim 2245; Q.B1 Case (Critic) Essay

R.V. Martin (Anthony Edward (2001) ECWA Crim 2245; Q.B1 Case (Critic) - Essay Example The jury could convict the defendant if self-defence evidence presented by the defendant raised doubts or the fact that Mr, Martin had used excessive force. The manslaughter charge that Mr. Martin faced would mean the defendant is believed to have used excessive force then the sentence would not be a life imprisonment. Then this would mean that the jury did not believe the defendants defence of having acted on self-defence. The facts that led to, the sentencing of Mr. Martin is knowledge that Mr. Martin used his firearm, yet he knew he was entitled to possessing it. The jury strongly believe that the although it is true that the two men who broke into Mr. Martins house intended to commit a burglary, Mr. martin was entitled to use reasonable force yet he used excessive force when he shot the 16 year old dead and left the other seriously injured. According to the jury Mr. Martin did not act reasonably in both of the cases. The judge in passing the sentence took into consideration the f rustration that Mr, Martin felt at the event of the Burglary as well as the medical report presented by his doctor. The court put into account the situation threat Mr. Martin faced, but it also pointed out that a dangerous weapon was not to be used in the manner that Mr. Martin used during the night of the Burglary. According to Almandras, she points out that the law states clearly that a householder may be liable in civil law or criminal law or in both if he is found to have used unwarranted force in opposition to a burglar or trespasser resulting to the death of the intruder or injury. Matters raised during Mr. Martin’s case suggest that any householder who kills or injuries a burglar will have a complete defence. The defendant is acquitted if he used was reasonable force and this must prove to be in defence of himself or another in the prevention of a crime (2011. p.1). The principal issue raised by conservatives is the measure of reasonable force, which they argue, should be proven, and the householders would not face prosecution unless their action is proven grossly disproportionate. However, democrats support the view that the current law was reliable and did not require a change. In the case, of Mr. Martin Almandras observes that the accused Mr. Martin had experienced several break ins. Mr. Martin had already expressed his dissatisfaction with the police response. On the night of the burglary, Mr. Martin shot onto the two burglars with an unlicensed gun. During his appeal, Mr. Martin presented fresh psychiatric evidence showing that, he was suffering from a long personal disorder. However, the court still ruled that the Mr. Martins state of mind was irrelevant to the purpose of self-defence. The psychiatric evide

Will China revalue its currencyCauses of devaluation Mechanisms Essay

Will China revalue its currencyCauses of devaluation Mechanisms Implications - Essay Example It follows the laws of the fixed exchange regime where the currency is devalued and revalued at will. For years, China maintained a fixed exchange rate; allowing to appreciate at its will. It has, now and again, manipulated its currency to gain a competitive advantage in the global trade market; and it has allowed China to maintain supreme dominance over the world markets. Nonetheless, the country has been facing immense pressure since a decade to float the currency in the open market and allow the currency to appreciate to a free rate. China did allow appreciation for a while, but at a gradual pace with interruptions. (Murphy 2009) The world continues to ask: will China revalue its currency? The essay will provide justifications for both sides; it will provide the reasons behind the devaluation, the mechanisms used as well as implications on an undervalued Yuan. The essay will end with a strong conclusion followed by recommendations. At present, economists believe that the Chinese c urrency is still undervalued by 15 to 20 percent. They opine that the revaluation will benefit the global economies and help reduce the increasing trade deficits. However, the Chinese politicians believe that the revaluation will hurt their economy and growth; as well as their political control. (Johnson 2013) Causes of Devaluation In the domestic sphere, analysts, in the Chinese circle, believe that revaluation will make their exports expensive compared to today. This consequential drop in Chinese exports will lead to several immediate factory shutdowns; while many others will shift to the low wage economies such as Vietnam and Sri Lanka. (Johnson 2010) This will upset the economy as a whole especially the working class. The resulting unemployed from the layoffs and shutdowns in the remote areas will not easily be absorbed into the economy. This will create anti government sentiments and result in isolated mass incidents around China. (Johnson 2010) â€Å"Any significant appreciat ion of the renminbi will erode China’s export competitiveness overnight and impact the livelihood of tens of millions of workers1,† states an editor at China Daily media agency. Likewise, Chinese politicians strongly believe that the currency reforms, pushed by the US and other global powers, are only means to slowdown its economy and contain growing Chinese power. These politicians refer to similar US policies towards Japan in 1980s. Japan stills reels from the effects of the real estate bubble burst caused by the forced US policies. Therefore, the Chinese are eager not to repeat the same episode. (Lee 2010) (Murphy 2009) Similarly, China thinks alike all the economic powers of the world. It first thinks about the domestic affairs especially employment figures before working towards rebalancing of the macroeconomic indicators around the world. In the aftermath of the financial crisis 2008, the Chinese lost 20 to 40 million jobs related to the export oriented industries . This forced Chinese to put an to the revaluation thoughts for some time. (Lee 2010) A research conducted by the Chinese authorities on the streets showed that a percent appreciation in the value of Yuan will lead to a percent decline in the tiny profit margins of the small export oriented companies. Economists opine that an undervalue Yuan is critical for sustaining the Chinese growth; therefore, all the intimidating by the world leaders will not change the Chinese policy. Revaluation will benefit China in the Long Run Other economists believe that the revaluation of Yuan will benefit China in the long run. It will do more good than harm. Economists know that, at present, the Chinese economy is heavily depending on exports and fixed investment; and not on the local consumption. It must revalue its

Intro to Criminal Justice Module 5 online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro to Criminal Justice Module 5 online - Essay Example Among the courts is the appellate court belonging to the general court. The literature has revealed the Supreme Court together with the court of appeals as components of this category of courts. According to the source used, the Supreme Court is the premier court in Carolina. The fact that it has a chief justice is an evidence for its highness. The chief justice works in unison with several other justices (Www.nccourts.org 4). They together sit as a body in Raleigh with the sole aim of listening to cases appealed from courts such as the district, as well as the superior courts. The Supreme Court deals with cases of legal significance and does not have a jury. The decision they make after hearing these cases ought to be printed and distributed to diverse locations in outsized volumes. The fifteen judges comprising the court of appeals play a noteworthy role in hearing cases. The fifteen judges are normally in panels, and each of these panels has three judges. Similar to the Supreme Court, it also handles cases that also question the constitution. The main purpose for its formation was to reduce the faction of responsibilities accorded to the Supreme Court. Additionally, the court handles convictions concerned with death cases. North Carolina superior court is a different level of court that hears different cases from those heard by the two courts discussed above. This court has general jurisdiction (Www.nccourts.org 5). The state of Carolina is composed of several superior court districts endowed with the responsibility of handling matters allied to elections. This category of courts hears cases involving massive money such as $ 10, 000. Several other categories of cases heard in this court level include the corporate receiverships and injunctions. The establishment of North Carolina district courts was solely for administrative, as well as electoral reasons. This category of courts has authority over civil cases concerned with controversies in money, but

How people with such different background can make friends with each Essay - 1

How people with such different background can make friends with each other - Essay Example Understandably, when one visits a new place, they are more likely to make a direct connection with those they share culture or background with since many friendships sprout on common grounds. Take my case for instance; when I first arrived in America, I was nervous and apprehensive about just about everything. I kept constantly reminding myself that I was a foreigner, and somehow this must have influenced my perception of how my fellow students, especially the Americans, saw me. As a result, it was easier to make friends with Chinese people – either the Chinese Americans or the Chinese people living in America. This was because around them, I did not feel very self-conscious, and I blended in much more easily; however, as I came to learn that with the benefit of research and personal experiences it can also be easy to make friends and interact with people from different cultures. Such interactions can be very rewarding and enlightening since one can learn a lot about different cultures; besides, with all our differences, every human being can find some similarly between themselves and anybody else as long as each of them shows interest in knowing the other. Interacting with new people in a new country by itself is a common experience; this is because each of you is in one way new to your present environment. After I moved into my house, I rarely spent much of my free time there, and every other weekend or when I had free time, I would go out visiting my Chinese friends or their families. In fact, in my first few days, I hardly spoke more than a few words to any of my flat mates, who were not Chinese, and there were a precious few of these. In a way, in my mind, I was still in China since I was actively avoiding any non-Chinese culture in what my American friend Chris later told me was a search for stability. However, one Sunday afternoon I was in my room browsing, and my computer crashed; I wondered what the

Hebrew Scriptures Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hebrew Scriptures Research Paper - Essay Example Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The Holy Scriptures of these religions emphatically affirm Satan as the transgressor and Gods nemesis, which refused to comply with the commands of the Creator—Almighty God the Omnipotent. Satan, according to these sources, is one among the jinn; a creature has been made by the Lord out of flame of the fire. He became the enemy of Adam and Eve at the time of their birth and caused their expulsion from the Eden Garden because of his jealousy with the new creature. Satan had challenged God that he would try his utmost to seduce the children of Adam and Eve to prove their superiority as a wrong thing. Hence, God Almighty sent His angels to His apostles including Adam, Enoch, Noah, Eber, Shelah and others to preach the humanity the noble message of God, so that they could manage to regain their permanent dwellings in the Eden Garden lost due to non-compliance of their first parents in respect of tasting the fruit of the forbidden tree because of th e satanic seduction and temptations. Satan maintained grudge and enmity for the whole mankind and intended to entice Adam, Eve and their children forever and ever till the Day of Resurrection out of sheer malice for the human beings. According to the Torah, Satan does not challenge Almighty’s powers; rather, he challenges God to examine the sincerity and compliance of Adam, Eve and their generations. â€Å"However†, Scheib argues, â€Å"Satan remains inferior to God and is incapable of taking action on mortals without God’s permission. In the Talmud and Midrash, Satan appears as the force in the world, responsible for all sins.†(2004) Almighty God has divided the humanity into two categories: one who those are transgressors and breakers of the covenant of God, and imitate the path of Satan; and the other ones are those who sincerely comply with all the terms of the sacred covenant. The individuals, tribes, clans and

Quantitative Comparison of Academic Achievement in NYC Public Schools Dissertation

Quantitative Comparison of Academic Achievement in NYC Public Schools vs. NYC Charter Schools Measured by 2009 - 2010 NYS ELA and Math Exams - Dissertation Example According to the research findings charter schools are public schools that operate independently of the district board of education, making them a one-school public school district. They have their own charters written by private individuals: parents, educators, community leaders that enumerate their laws, governance structure and principles. This autonomous setup results in bigger accountabilities for the school. Because of this autonomy and customized curricula, many people believe that charter schools are far more beneficial to children, as compared to public schools. People also believe that charter schools provide better services because of the high standards they set for themselves. There are studies that compare the effectiveness of public schools versus charter schools. However, they differ in their findings. As our understanding of the cognitive development of young children increases, so does the need for high-quality childhood education programs facilitated by confident, c ompetent instructors. The growing appreciation for the potential benefits of quality educational programs has strengthened funding agencies’ and policy makers’ commitment to ensuring all families have access to programming that can support and enhance children’s development, growth, and learning. These benefits can be realized, however, only in high-quality programs with characteristics linked to positive outcomes for children. The establishment of a stable formula for measuring the academic achievement of the students from public schools and charter schools is needed. According to research conducted by Lubienski and Lubienski (2006), public schools and charter schools in New York City are both able to produce students that exemplify academic excellence. Since the No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2002) legislation was enacted, schools must show that they are contributing to a child’s academic achievement, especially in the areas of English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics. Brennan (2009) indicates that New York City public school students outperform their peers from comparable school districts, giving the distinct impression that public schools are also effective educational forums. Conversely, the achievement analysis conducted by Hoxby, Murarka, & Kang (2009) indicates that charter schools are superior to public schools in their ability to educate students in a multitude of academic categories. In addition, Lubienski & Lubienski (2006) indicate that charter school and the â€Å"private-style organizational models† (p.2) were ahead of public schools in providing a model for

Project management (a report about a project called i-borrow) Essay

Project management (a report about a project called i-borrow) - Essay Example The project exemplifies project management principles throughout its planning and execution stage through thorough analysis of the target needs and available resources. Its continued success owes to excellence in design, which instituted a system of lean overhead and management costs, as well as a user-friendly feedback system that provided information not only on laptop use, but also fills the gap in empirical research data on how students are utilizing the learning space within the university. By filling a niche where previously only bulky systems existed that failed to adequately serve the stakeholders, the i-Borrow project provides an excellent framework for future academic and commercial implementations of internet technology solutions. As such, analysis of this project plays an important role contemporary project management analysis on multiple levels. ... t Context In response to a growing and increasingly diversified student body’s need for improved library services, the i-Borrow project was initiated with the goal of establishing a program for the ongoing service that would provide 200 educational laptop computers for use within the newly constructed library and student support center at Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU). Unlike many projects, which concentrate on producing an end result such as a building or static piece of software, the end result of the i-Borrow project was to produce not only the concrete infrastructure needed to provide the service but also to implement a program for the management of the service that would eventually supersede the project itself. The challenge of contemporary IT project management is that many projects involve much more than just project planning and scheduling, and are primarily concerned with the control of an on-going project during its whole lifetime of use, as commonly fou nd in computer networking projects (Tatnall and Reyes 2005 p.153-155). In the case of i-Borrow, the project involved planning for not just distribution systems, and user interface and use, but also for the infrastructure of the wireless network, network support, and ongoing maintenance necessary to support the system. The projects official mission statement is documented in the project final report as: â€Å"iBorrow will allow users of a new Library and Learning Centre to borrow a laptop computer as easily as picking a book from a shelf. It will provide a large-scale demonstration of how thin-client laptops with location-aware technology can enable the University to not only provide no-fuss access to a full range of software and learning resources but also effectively manage the configuration of

Year of Wonder Explores the Complexity Essay Example for Free

Year of Wonder Explores the Complexity Essay Year of Wonder explores the complexity of human nature and the consequences of human actions â€Å"He brought the wide world with him† Anna Frith admires George Viccars for being well-travelled but does not realise that he has brought not only his knowledge of the world but also the perils of disease with him. Silhouetted against the sepulchral backdrop of the blighted Eyam, Geraldine Brooks depicts a community caught in extraordinary times in her historical novel â€Å"Year of Wonder†. The novel conveys the complications and ramifications of human nature and human actions, interwoven with the cultural value of religion and beliefs in addition to the social value of trust. Brooks illustrates that the nature suspect and distrust has stemmed from the Plague, as well as the fact that to a degree, all humans have similar nature. Whilst some responded positively to these catastrophic turn of events, others suffered server negative impact to this result of human action. The similarities in nature between characters are evident in the novel. Through the first person narrative of Anna Frith, readers are invited to see the whole story from her perspective and insights on her own life and personality. As the intricacies of the plot unfolds, we began to see that, indeed, Anna was lost in an abyss of pain and suffering, yet in response to it, she has grown strong, no longer a child â€Å"to quail at terrors†. Since our first glimpse at her, Anna has proven herself to be a capable care-taker. Although her role is Michael Mompellion’s servant is quite circumscribed, she always goes beyond the restrict scopes of her duties in attempting to coax him out of his melancholia. She often takes on a mothering role towards Michael, as she says â€Å"treating him as if he was my child†. In result of her actions towards Mompellion, she saw the need to nurture others, even motherless child or plagued victims. As those around her starts to shrug off their responsibilities, Anna begin to shoulder more burdens then running a household and bringing solace to the afflicted. Just like Anna, Elinor Mompellion possesses a â€Å"sinewy mind† with a â€Å"driving energy†. She is a well-educated woman, whom, when first mentioned in the novel, is educating Anna on how to read. Elinor does not respect the division between â€Å"weak and strong, between men and woman, laborer and lord†, as Anna recalls â€Å"she never reminded me of my place (as a servant)†. Hence, the author’s ability to depict the complexity of human nature is evident in the novel as the personalities of characters are, to an extent, similar from each other. One of the fatal effects of the plague is that it breeds the human nature of mutual suspicion and distrust. It is possible that the plague is merely exacerbating tensions already present with in the village but it does so to an unprecedented degree. Thus, certain individuals of a somewhat antisocial and self-serving bent find their actions and inclinations magnified by the advent of the Plague. Josiah Bont, who is Anna’s abusive father, becomes a gravedigger, willing to pursue homicide as a stimulus to his profits; his wife, Aphra, shamelessly exploits the anxieties of her fellow villagers for monetary gain by pretending to be the ghost of the deceased Anys Gowdie. In what is, perhaps, a less culpable fashion, David Burton seizes the opportunity to advance his own interest at the expense of Merry Wickord, whose family mine has been left open to claim by the death of her parents. Instances such as these suggest that Michael Mompellion’s assertion that â€Å"the Plague will make heroes of us all†, however optimistic, is not well founded. Even more strikingly, the readiness of the villagers to turn against Mem and Anys Gowdie, whose service as healers have been much in demand, indicates that the plague deepens the rifts already exists in the community. As Jon Millstone comments, there is a grave danger that the time â€Å"will make monsters of us all†. Therefore it is the villagers own nature which acts as the catalyst for further tragic events. The onslaught of the plague has scarred numerous villagers in Eyam. As the plague creeps further into the village, people who begin to face corruption as they undergo catastrophic changes are omnipresent throughout the novel. Ever since the plague arrived, the villagers did not see it as an act of nature, but rather as a curse, as they are blinded by their own beliefs, relaying on superstition and living in the false reality of religion. In result, they saw the tailor, George Vicars, as the Devil and the architect of the plague. There for, they believed that Anys, who slept with George, as a witch and killed her. This was the first response to the crisis, a response of fear and panicking, as the villagers looking for a scapegoat for the cause of this problem. As Anna suffers the loss of both of her sons, she begins to seek comfort in the graveyard. She also begins to question â€Å"how can the just and merciful God take the life of innocents†. Soon after she became addicted to opiates and going as far as to stealing them, thus giving us insights on Anna’s weakness and the first crack in her religion. Others who are desperate in seeking sanctuary in such times also turned their backs on religion as they trust in the ‘ghost of Anys Gowdie’, who offers them demonic rituals, charms and spells in return for money. It is evident that in this novel, the certain characters walked the wrong path from desperation and resulted in unpredicted results. It is apparent however, that although the plague decayed the mind of almost the entire village, there are still those who fought for what they believed in and survived the corruption. After the arrival of the plague, it was always Mompellion who stands in front of the villagers and convincing in an optimistic tone that â€Å"trust in God to perform his wonders†. Such speech is the signpost the beginning to his leadership, which has also planted the seeds of discord between superstition and faith. His usage of God and trust are an obvious plot to influence the townspeople to trust and believe him. Through all the disorder, unexpected alliances are made. Mompelion confers with Puritan Thomas Stanley, a Purtian who quitted the parish three years ago. Thus showing that in times of crisis, religious differences can be overcome to unify for greater cause of human survival. Anna has encountered countless barrages alone the path, however because of her work and friend ship with Elinor, she was also able to rise from the adversity. After she discovers the truth about him and Elinor, she stands up to Mompellion as well as the Bradfords, thus breaking the social structure. Because of the plague, Anna metaphorically transformed from a simple, uneducated girl to a powerful, formidable woman. She escaped from her past and is able to create a promising future for herself and her children. Therefore, it can be said that a beacon of juxtaposition shines between those who survive and those who don’t, allowing the readers to see the different outcomes. In essences, the plague itself does not produce heroes or monsters, unity or division. It only amplifies the human natures which individuals already possess, in addition to the similarities and differences in nature between characters. Hence, there are those who like Anna, can emerge from the experience of the plague and responded with positive actions, and those that reached a breaking point in such times and suffered consequences as a result. The plague symbolises a test, just like in a furnace in which all must be melted to find the pure metal.

Effect of Policy on Hand Washing Effectiveness | Article

Effect of Policy on Hand Washing Effectiveness | Article In the article â€Å"Bare below the elbows: does this policy affect hand washing efficacy and reduce bacterial colonisation?† published July 2010, the authors Wijwardena Greatorex main focus was to establish whether dress code affects bacterial colonisation before and after hand-washing. Research was conducted using questionnaire and results were collected in the form of quantitative data. The result shows that there were no significant difference between BBE and NB (Mann-Whitney, P The authors’ use of a critical abstract in regards to the main findings, results, conclusion, subjects and methods gives a detailed overview of the research study, allowing the reader to assess and understand whether the research is relevant without having to examine the whole article (Galdon, Graves and Kelly, 2011). McNiff and Whitehead (2010) states that it is important for an abstract to always be succinct to allow the reader to gain an insight into the research and its importance (Chatburn, 2011). In addition, the abstract is clear, concise and free from jargons making it easy for the reader to understand and not become confused about the content of the research. Secondly, the complexity of the results collected, charted and plotted on the table and graph was simplified, making it easier for the reader to interpret and make sense of the findings. In addition, the results gathered also represent the research as a whole, for it clearly reflects the aim and objective of the study. Hence the research is valid and reliable (Wood and Ross-Keer, 2011). However, the research is plausible as to whether it can be applied into practice and good enough to be represented to the targeted population. This is due to the small sample size, which was sixty-sixty doctors, as a larger sample size can estimate population parameters (Sim and Wright, 2000). And also, there was an ethical aspect of the research which give cause for concern, as the authors clearly states that the participants were not give advance warning about the study and was conducted throughout the working day. This suggests that the participants did not give informed consent, as it was the authors’ obligation to fully inform participants of the study before carrying out the research (Cottrell and Mckenzie, 2011). In the article â€Å"Effects of ‘bare below the elbows’ policy on hand contamination of 92 hospital doctors in a district general hospital† published in December 2009, the authors Willis-Owen, Subramanian, Kumari and Houlihan-Burne, main purpose of the research was to establish whether the hands of doctors who are bare below elbows (BBE) compliant are cleaner than those who wore traditional attire (non-BBE). A prospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out and the result was presented using qualitative method. In the author’s main findings, there were no significant difference in between those doctors who were BBE and those that were not. The aim of the research was clear and precise, as the authors avoided the use of jargons. In support to this, Schneider, Whitehead, LoBiondo-Wood and Haber (2013) report that, aims of a research should be clear, broad, achievable and unambiguous as this guides the reader on how to interpret and analyse the data from the result. This of significance as it outlines the author’s overall intentions for carrying out the research; as a result, the reader is given a clear outline on whether the research is of value and worthwhile (Taylor, Kermode and Roberts, 2006). Furthermore, the use of secondary sources used within this research to support findings, such as works from Fierer et al, informs the reader that there have been similar work done by other researchers (Brockopp and Hastings-Tolsma, 2003).This was also accompanied by a referencing system which clearly states all the literatures integrated, along with the dates so that the reader has enough information to find the original sources used within the study (Collins, 2010). This aids the reader to consider whether the literatures used were current and relevant to the study, and also gain an insight into how the authors went about conducting their research. On the contrary, the results gathered failed to establish the cause-effect of the research (Balakrishnan, 2010) of establishing the effects of BBE policy on hand contamination, which therefore lacks reliability (Wood and Ross-Keer, 2011). Consequently, the reader is unable to apply the findings provided into practice as it lacks logic and relevance. The authors’ use of language to analyse results in discussion was substandard, as they went to discuss patients’ preferences which was confusing, irrelevant and misleading. The article â€Å"The Feedback Intervention Trial (FIT)-Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance in UK Healthcare Workers: A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial†, published October 2012, authors Fuller et al used randomised control trial to collect quantitative results. The main findings included all 16 trusts were randomised, 33 wards implemented intervention (11 Intensive therapy units, 22 acute care elderly), mixed effects regression analysis (all wards) accounting for confounders, temporal trends, ward type and fidelity to intervention (forms/month used). The authors carried out their study in a randomised control trial (RCT). RCT according to Andrew and Halcomb (2009) is a study whereby participants are divided into treatment and control group to determine the effectiveness of a policy and practice interventions. This was appropriate within this research as the number of participants that took part sixty wards and the result obtained can be used to represent the general population. Hence in quantitative research, Chow, Shoa and Wang (2003) states that it is important to have a larger sample size, for the research to be valid and reliable (Solomon, Cavanaugh and Draine, 2009) and assures accuracy and integrity (This means that the reader is able apply theory to practice obtained through the research due to the credibility of the research. In contrast, the research lacked purpose and an aim, as it does not address a significant problem that prompted research (Monsen and Horn, 2008). As a result fails to inform the reader about what the study is trying to achieve by carrying out the research. For this reason the research fails to grab the reader’s attention as there is no clear reason as to why the research is of significance. The authors illustrated that informed consent was established before the research was conducted. This is important within any research as this demonstrates that the participants were content to take part in the research and that ethical values were upheld. This is important to the reader as this shows that Cohen, L., Manion, L Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education. (7thed.). Abingdon: Routledge. Monsen, E. R. Horn, L V. (2008). Research: Successful approaches. (3rded.). USA: Diana Faulhaber. Andrew, S. Halcomb, E .J. (2009). Mixed methods research for nursing and the health sciences. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Cottrell, R. R. McKenzie, J. F. (2011). Health promotion education research methods: Using the five-chapter thesis/dissertation model. (2nded.). Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. Sim, J. Wright, C. (2000). Research in health care. Cheltenham: Stanley Thomes (Publishers) Ltd. Wood, M. J. Ross-Kerr, J. C. (2011). Basic steps in planning nursing research: From question to proposal. (7thed.). Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D., Biondo-Wood, G. L. Haber, J. (2013). Nursing and midwifery research 4e: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. (4thed.). Chatswood: Elsevier. Balakrishnan, N. (2010). Methods and applications of statistics in the life and health sciences. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kermode, S. Taylor, B. Roberts, K. (2006). Obtaining approval and support for your project. In B. Taylor., S. Kermode. K. Roberts (Eds.), Research in nursing and health care: Evidence for practice. (pp. 131-169). Australia: Cengage Learning. Chatburn, R. L. (2011). Handbook for health care research. (2nded.). Sudbury: Jones and Baartlett Publishers. Collin, H. (2010). Creative research: The theory and practice of research for the creative. Switzerlan: AVA Publishing SA. Brockopp, D. Y. Hastings-Tolsma. (2003). Fundamentals of nursing research. (3rded.). Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett. McNiff, J. Whitehead, J. (2010). You and your action research project. (3rded.). Abingdon: Routledge. Rees, C. (2010). Evaluting and appraising evidence to underpin nursing practice. In K. Holland., C. Rees (Eds.), Nursing: evidence based practice skills. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Galdon, R. J., Graves, W. R. Kelly, J. M. (2011). Getting published in the life science. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. Solomon, P., Cavanaugh, M. M. Draine, J. (2009). Randomized controlled trials: Design and implementation for community based psychosocial interventions. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc.

Child abuse/child protection and welfare: Client needs

Child abuse/child protection and welfare: Client needs Child abuse/child protection and welfare: The client needs and the role of the social care practitioner in responding to those needs. Many countries in the developed world, including Ireland, have seen a significant shift in attitudes to what constitutes as child abuse. Society has become more knowledgeable about different types of child abuse and about the impact the abuse can have on the child throughout their lives. The child’s needs and the role of the social care practitioner will be the main focus of the essay. The essay will discuss the needs of a child who has suffered abuse and propose an intervention to address the importance of care for the child and education for the carer. The role of the Social care practitioner in relation to child abuse will also be a central part of this discussion. Types of child abuse include emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse. However, this essay will focus mainly on emotional and physical abuse. Suggestions on interventions will be put forth as the different types of child abuse are being discussed. Relevant policies and guidelines will be discusse d in regards to how these policies have helped children by giving them rights whilst also giving them hope for a better future. Child abuse can be defined as ‘any act of commission or omission which deprives children of equal rights and liberties and/ or interferes with their optimal development’ Gil 1975 (cited in Daniel and Ivatts 1998, p.196). The above definition accords with the spirit of Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child which states that it is the duty of the state to safeguard children from all types of abuse and neglect, to give ‘support to those who have been abused and to investigate instances of abuse’(Children’s Rights Alliance 2013). However, it can be difficult to give a precise or exact definition of child abuse because there are many different types of child abuse. Some types, such as physical abuse can be much more noticeable but may not have the same impact on the child as emotional abuse. Bensley et al (2004) argues that if a parent calls their child stupid and belittles them on a regular basis, the child will start perc eiving these comments to be true, and will carry them into their teens and adulthood. Children’s First, the national guidance that promotes the protection of children from abuse and neglect, describe emotional abuse as generally to be established in the ‘relationship between a parent or guardian and a child rather than in a specific event or pattern of events’. It arises when a child’s need for love, support, stability and security are not met (Children’s First 2011 p.8) Social care practitioners work closely with the child, their family and other professionals to ensure the child’s needs are being met. Social care practitioners should possess a wide range of personal and professional attributes. A health or social care profession is any profession in which a person exercises skill or judgment relating to the preservation or improvement of the health or wellbeing of others, the diagnosis, treatment or care of those who are injured, sick, disabled or infirm, the resolution, through guidance, counselling or otherwise, of personal, social or psychological problems. (Health and Social Care Act 2005, p.09) Professional attributes of a social care practitioner should include a comprehensive awareness of the social care field, to be able to work on their own initiative, and as part of a team, research skills and problem solving. On a personal level, social care practitioners should be open-minded, reliable, trustworthy, and empathetic and compassionate (Lalor and Share, 2013). Social care practitioners might find it more difficult to recognise and substantiate emotional neglect or abuse as there are no physical injuries or abrasions (Nauert 2014). Evaluation of what is occurring to a child ‘requires that each aspect of a child’s developmental progress is examined, in the context of the child’s age and stage of development’ (Department of Health 2000, p.18). By doing an assessment wheel or triangle with the child, the practitioner will get a good sense of the child, which involves more than just factual data (Buckley et al 2006 p. 40). The assessment process is designed by way of three concurrent activities and five steps. The three concurrent activities are Engaging, Safeguarding and collaborating and the five steps are Responding, Protecting, Devising, Gathering Reflecting and Sharing/analysing/planning. The child is at the spiral in the middle. See Appendix A for diagram of The Assessment Wheel and Triangle. The aim is to deli ver a consistent and organised way of collecting, recording, studying and figuring out the information required to inform ‘effective and appropriate levels of child protection and welfare interventions’ (Buckley et al 2006 p.10). Such as with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory 1969. The theory states that that we come across diverse environments during our life that can affect our behaviour in various ways. The different environments include the ‘micro system, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macro system, and the chronosystem’ (Mae Sincero 2012). Yet, child abuse can be hidden from professionals and the outside world for many years before the child in need is discovered. One of the most famous cases of severe and wilful neglect is the case of Genie Wiley. For the first thirteen years of her life, Genie was kept locked in a small room, naked and quite often tied to a potty. Her family rarely spoke to her and the times that her father did communicate with her it was through barking and growling (Rymer 1994 p.46). She was discovered by a nurse when her mother brought her to the doctors at age thirteen. The nurse believed her to be no more than seven years old. Rymer (1994) stated that extreme neglect and physical abuse had prevented Genie from developing cognitively and physically. See appendix B for the indicators of neglect from the Tusla’s practice handbook. One of the roles of the social care practitioner in cases of child emotional abuse or neglect is to be vigilant and look out for signs as noted in appendix B and to contact the necessary authorities. The main emphasis and concern of any enquiry into the emotional abuse or neglect of a chil d is the child (Platt and Shemmings 1997). Under the Child Care Act 1991, the HSE has certain statutory obligations for the protection and welfare of children such as taking the appropriate action to promote the welfare of the child (Children’s First 2011 p.19). When carers show kindness, love and affection in meeting the child’s needs, they support the child to develop into a ‘stable, caring, healthy and independent’ adult (LaMeaux 2014). As with neglect and emotional abuse of a child, physical abuse can have a detrimental effect on a child. Physical abuse can be described as someone intentionally injuring or hurting a child and it can cover an assortment of negative behaviours such as smacking, shaking, repeatedly hitting, burning, cutting and the suffocation of a child (Beaver et al 1999, p. 207). Citizens Information (2014) describe physical abuse as any injury inflicted on a child due to the ‘deliberate failure of the child’s carer to protect the child’. Over the years, many Irish people have heard and read the harrowing stories and reports on the physical abuse perpetrated on countless children at the hands of their â€Å"so called† carers in Irish industrial schools. One of the major reports is the Ryan Report. The Ryan Report (2009) is an inquiry into the abuse in which children in the industrial schools in Ireland suffered while under state supervision. The litany of terrible wrongs inflicted on our children, who were placed by the State in residential institutions run by religious orders, was collated by the Commission and presented for Ireland and the world to read. The healing process involves listening to, understanding and consulting with survivors on how the wrongs of the past can be addressed and how their needs can be catered for into the future. (Report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, 2009 p.9) The Ryan report, brought light to the severe physical, emotional and sexual abuse of many children. Following the report, the state was pressured to draw up a plan with the articulated aim of replying to all of the 20 separate recommendations, outlined in the Ryan Report, which were grouped into six categories. This plan also brought about the implementation of the Children’s First guidelines (Ryan 2009) (See Appendix C for the full 20 recommendations and six categories). In light of these recommendations, policies and procedures such as garda vetting and reviews into serious incidences have been implemented. However, it is not just industrial schools and services that have caused major concern, for social care practitioners regarding child abuse. Child abuse can happen in any part of society and, rich, poor or whatever the family circumstance, any child may be subjected to the awfulness of child abuse (Childline 2015). This can have a detrimental effect on the child throughout their lifespan if not dealt with or handled appropriately. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory shows that if one’s physiological needs such as food, shelter and clothing are not being met they cannot reach their safety needs such health and family security or reach a sense of belongingness (Gawel 1997). See Appendix D for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs triangle. According to Maslow (1970 p.38) a person’s most important need is the lowermost unmet need in the pyramid. The assessment triangle analyses the child’s condition and state of affairs and gives the social care practitioner a good and informed plan of action to safeguard the best outcome for the child (Department of Health 2000). To conclude, as mentioned above, the impact of neglect, emotional abuse and physical abuse can have a harmful and damaging effect on a child. The aim of the essay was to outline the client needs and the role of the social care practitioner in responding to these needs in cases of child abuse. â€Å"Childhood should be carefree, playing in the sun; not living a nightmare in the darkness of the soul† (Pelzer 1995 p.98). Children need love, support and affection to grow to be confident and happy adults. In an ideal world, all parents and caregivers would give this love and support to the child in order for the child to grow contently. However, in reality many children face unwarranted hardships on a daily basis, through no fault of their own. It is our role as social care practitioners to help and support these children who need help, so they can be assured a deserved brighter future. REFERENCE LIST Nauert, R. (2014). For Kids, Mental Abuse Can Be Worse than Sexual, Physical Abuse. Psych Central. Retrieved on February 16, 2015, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2014/10/09/for-kids-mental-abuse-can-be-worse-than-sexual-physical-abuse/75945.html [accessed 16 Feb. 15] Daniel, P. and Ivatts, J. (1998) Children and Social Policy, London: Palgrave Children’s First (2011) National Guidance for the protection and welfare of children [online] available: http://www.dcya.gov.ie/documents/Publications/ChildrenFirst.pdf [accessed 16 Feb. 15] Rymer, R. (1994) Genie: A scientific tragedy, New York: Harper Collins Health Service Executive 2011) Child protection and welfare Practice handbook, pp19-21, [Online] available: http://www.tusla.ie/uploads/content/CF_WelfarePracticehandbook.pdf [accessed 17 Feb. 15] LaMeaux, E.C. (2014) ‘5 Needs your child must have met at home’, Gaiam Life: Your Guide to Better Living. [Online] available: http://life.gaiam.com/article/5-needs-your-child-must-have-met-home [accessed 17 Feb. 15] Beaver, M., Brewster, J., Jones, P., Keene, A., Neaums, S. and Tallack J. (1999) Babies and Young Children: Early years care and education, Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Citizens Information (2014) Child Abuse: What is child abuse? [Online] available: http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/birth_family_relationships/services_and_supports_for_children/child_abuse.html [accessed 18 Feb. 15] Report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (2009) Implementation Plan, Dublin: The Stationary Office Mae Sincero, S. (2012). Ecological Systems Theory.(Mar 14) Retrieved Feb 19, 2015 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/ecological-systems-theory Maslow, A. (1970) Motivation and Personality, (2nd ed), New York: Harper and Row Children’s Rights Alliance (2013) Uniting Voices for Children: Summary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child [Online] available: http://www.childrensrights.ie/sites/default/files/information_sheets/files/SummaryUNCRC.pdf [accessed 19 Feb. 15] Department of Health (2000) ‘Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families’ , Department for Education and Employment Home Office, London: The Stationary Office Bensley, L., Ruggles, D., Simmons, K.W., Harris, C., Williams, K., Putvin, T., Allen, M. (2004) ‘General population norms about child abuse and neglect and associations with childhood experiences’,Child Abuse Neglect, 28(12), 1321–1337. Health and Social Care Professionals Act 2005, No. 27/2005, s.3, Dublin: Stationary Office Childline (2015) Physical Abuse | Abuse and Safety | Explore [online], available: http://www.childline.org.uk/Explore/AbuseSafety/Pages/Physical.aspx [accessed 24 Mar 2015]. Gawel, J. (1997) Herzbergs Theory of Motivation and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, [Online] available: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED421486.pdf [accessed 24 Mar. 15] Van Devall, T. (2013) ‘Printable Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Chart / Maslows Pyramid Diagram’, available: http://timvandevall.com/printable-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-chart/ [accessed 25 Mar 2015]. APPENDIX A The Assessment Wheel: The Assessment Triangle: APPENDIX B Indicators of Neglect Tusla (2011) Indicators of neglect are likely to be visible in the appearance or behaviour of the child. Individuals/agencies concerned should consider making a referral to the HSE Children and Family Services if they notice that a child: †¢ Wears soiled clothing or clothing that is significantly too small or large, or is often in need of repair; †¢ Seems inadequately dressed for the weather; †¢ Always seems to be hungry, hoards, steals or begs for food, comes to school with little or no food; †¢ Often appears listless and tired, with little energy; †¢ Frequently reports caring for younger siblings; †¢ Demonstrates poor hygiene, smells of urine or faeces, has dirty or decaying teeth; †¢ Seems emaciated or has a distended stomach (indicative of malnutrition); †¢ Has unattended medical or dental problems, such as infected sores; †¢Displaying apathy, unresponsive to affection; †¢ States that there is no one at home to provide care; †¢ Presents with frequent accidents and/or minor injuries †¢ Growth not within the expected range †¢ Signs of developmental delays, poor attention/concentration, lack of self-confidence/poor self-esteem, low academic achievement (including erratic or non-school attendance); †¢ Behavioural signs, e.g. overactive, aggressive, poor coping skills, impulsive behaviour, indiscriminate friendliness, withdrawn, poor social skills development, bed-wetting, soiling or destructive behaviours, substance misuse, running away, sexual promiscuity, self-harm, offending behaviours. APPENDIX C The Commission’s 20 Recommendations †¢Commission’s Recommendation 1: A memorial should be erected †¢Commission’s Recommendation 2: The lessons of the past should be learned. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 3: Counselling and educational services should be available. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 4: Family tracing services should be continued. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 5: Child care policy should be child-centred. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 6: National child care policy should be clearly articulated and reviewed on a regular basis. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 7: A method of evaluating the extent to which services meet the aims and objectives of the national child care policy should be devised. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 8: The provision of child care services should be reviewed on a regular basis. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 9: It is important that rules and regulations be enforced, breaches be reported and sanctions applied. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 10: A culture of respecting and implementing rules and regulations and of observing codes of conduct should be developed. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 11: Independent inspections are essential. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 12: Management at all levels should be accountable for the quality of services and care. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 13: Children in care should be able to communicate concerns without fear. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 14: Child care services depend on good communication. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 15: Children in care need a consistent care figure. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 16: Children who have been in State care should have access to support services. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 17: Children who have been in child care facilities are in a good position to identify failings and deficiencies in the system, and should be consulted. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 18: Children in care should not, save in exceptional circumstances, be cut off from their families. †¢Commission’s Recommendation 19: The full personal records of children in care must be maintained †¢Commission’s Recommendation 20: Children First: National Guidelines for the Protection and Welfare of Children should be uniformly and consistently implemented throughout the State in dealing with allegations of abuse. In examining the Commission’s 20 recommendations, it was decided to group them into six categories. 1.Addressing the effects of past abuse; 2. National child care policy and evaluation of its implementation; 3. Regulation and inspection; 4. Management of children’s services; 5. Voice of the child; 6. Children First, the national guidelines for the protection and welfare of children. (Ryan Report 2009) APPENDIX D Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Tim’s Printables 2013) 1

african americans Essay -- essays research papers

African Americans continued to live as second class citizens in the 1950’s and 1960’s, especially in the South, despite the Fourteenth Amendment and the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited states from denying anyone the right to vote due to race. States passed laws directed at separating the races and keeping blacks from the polls. During these times, African Americans and other Americans led an organized and strong movement to fight for racial equality. The movement often met with strong opposition, such as in Birmingham, Alabama, where police sprayed protestors with high pressure fire hoses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early 1900’s W.E.B. Du Bois established the NAACP, (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) which fought to end segregation, the separation of people on the basis of race. In the case of Brown vs. Board of Education, the Supreme Court struck down segregation as unconstitutional.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a seamstress and an NAACP officer, took a seat in the front row of the â€Å"colored† section of a Montgomery bus. As the bus filled up, the driver ordered Parks and three other African American passengers to empty the row they were occupying so that a white man could sit down without having to sit next to any African Americans. The leaders of the African American community, including many ministers, formed the Montgomery Improvement Association to organize a boycott. They elected the pastor o...

Review of Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at BVU :: College Drinking Essays

Review of Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at BVU Behind the Arch: The Truth About Drinking at BVU, by Chris Allen, Alisa Dixson, Jennifer Durham, Shelley Katzer, Max Kenkel, Teri Kramer, Toby Malavong, and Courtney Weller, is a book about drinking at Buena Vista University. It was written because the University of Illinois did a survey on colleges around the county about their drinking habits. When some BVU students read it, some did not think it was accurate, so, they did their own research and got some of their own statistics. By the opinion of the students, the information they found was more accurate than what the University of Illinois found. This book had many things wrong with it. There were many problems with the writing styles and the research in my opinion. It was too long and too detailed, especially with the insignificant ideas in, which should not have been in it, such as the explanation of our campus, an insignificant detail. There was not a good comparison in the national average, Buena Vista University is a small campus in a small town, not similar to, say, the University of Missouri with a large student population and in the city of Columbia. The research was not well done and was unbalanced. This book was about the drinking at BVU found from the survey, not when some of the professors were attending. The book did have some good points. It did have good statistics and were accurate for out campus. I believe that most of the students on campus do drink, but not to get drunk such as the book stated. The personal experiences were well written also. The book does give a bit of reflection on when drinking was not a large problem on campus, but it is insignificant. This book also did do a good job of what is being done on campus to stop the drinking. We now have midnight basketball, and volleyball, and alternative happy hour so the students have something other to do than drink or go to the bar. Many things could have been changed in the book. It was too long. They went off subject with the September, 11 2001 terrorists attacks, that are not significant and way off topic, and made the book last too long. If they had not strayed off the path of where the book was going it would have been shorter and probably kept my interest more, not making me want to sleep. Review of Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at BVU :: College Drinking Essays Review of Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at BVU Behind the Arch: The Truth About Drinking at BVU, by Chris Allen, Alisa Dixson, Jennifer Durham, Shelley Katzer, Max Kenkel, Teri Kramer, Toby Malavong, and Courtney Weller, is a book about drinking at Buena Vista University. It was written because the University of Illinois did a survey on colleges around the county about their drinking habits. When some BVU students read it, some did not think it was accurate, so, they did their own research and got some of their own statistics. By the opinion of the students, the information they found was more accurate than what the University of Illinois found. This book had many things wrong with it. There were many problems with the writing styles and the research in my opinion. It was too long and too detailed, especially with the insignificant ideas in, which should not have been in it, such as the explanation of our campus, an insignificant detail. There was not a good comparison in the national average, Buena Vista University is a small campus in a small town, not similar to, say, the University of Missouri with a large student population and in the city of Columbia. The research was not well done and was unbalanced. This book was about the drinking at BVU found from the survey, not when some of the professors were attending. The book did have some good points. It did have good statistics and were accurate for out campus. I believe that most of the students on campus do drink, but not to get drunk such as the book stated. The personal experiences were well written also. The book does give a bit of reflection on when drinking was not a large problem on campus, but it is insignificant. This book also did do a good job of what is being done on campus to stop the drinking. We now have midnight basketball, and volleyball, and alternative happy hour so the students have something other to do than drink or go to the bar. Many things could have been changed in the book. It was too long. They went off subject with the September, 11 2001 terrorists attacks, that are not significant and way off topic, and made the book last too long. If they had not strayed off the path of where the book was going it would have been shorter and probably kept my interest more, not making me want to sleep.

Solar Energy is not a Solution to the American Energy Crisis Essay

Solar Energy is not a Solution to America’s Energy Crisis With the growing cost of fuel for cars and the rolling blackouts of last summer, the need for an alternative, cost-effective, environment friendly energy source is escalating. Many possible solutions have been presented, such as nuclear power, wind power, and hydrogen fuel cells; prevalent among these is solar power. Solar cells directly convert photons from the sun into electricity (Wikipedia). Solar cells that convert both solar and non-solar light are called photovoltaic cells (Wikipedia 2006). They are made of semi conducting materials, most often silicon (Aldous 2006). The simplest photovoltaic cells power watches and calculators while larger, more complex systems can add to the power grid and provide power for homes. How Solar Power Works Most solar cells are made of crystalline silicon. Pure silicon has 14 electrons that form 3 different tiers around the individual atom. In the last tier there are only 4 electrons, but as each tier desires 5 electrons there is one missing from this tier. To fill the last spot the electrons will join together to share their electrons. This linking is what forms the crystalline structure, which is vital for photovoltaic cells. (Aldous 2006) Solar Energy 3 Pure silicon is not a good conductor for electricity because it has no free electrons, so we add impurities to the silicon. The process of adding impurities is called doping. Phosphorus is an impurity that can be added into the silicon used for solar cells. This type of impure silicon is called N-type and is much better as a conductor than pure silicon. This is because phosphorus has five electrons in its final tier so every atom of phosphorus has one electron not shared with ... ...sidered as a viable alternative energy source at the present, nonetheless if, with further research, efficiency continues to increase and the cost to produce solar panels continues to decrease, solar energy could be a major contributor to power in the future. Solar Energy 7 References Aldous, S. How Stuff Works. How Solar Cells Work. Retrieved August 3, 2006 from http://www.howstuffworks.com/solar- cell.htm Carlstrom, P. (2005, July 11). The Chronicle. As solar gets smaller, its future gets brighter Nanotechnology could turn rooftops into a sea of power-generating stations. Retrieved August 3, 2006 from http://www.sfgate.com/cgi- bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/07/11/BUG7IDL1AF1.DTL SOLAR CELLS. Retrieved August 3, 2006 from http://www.solarnavigator.net/solar_panels.htm Wikipedia. Solar Cell. Retrieved August 3, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

My Views on Patriotism

Jose Luna Mrs. Peterson English 12, P. 2 1/21/12 Patriotism Many people think patriotism means supporting your government during times of war. I don’t believe that for many reasons. I think you can have patriotism and not support your country. I don’t think patriotism means supporting your government in times of war. A reason I am against this belief is because it is not always the same thing to be a good man and be a good citizen or patriot What if the government is doing something bad like telling us who to hate or you would be one of them.Would you hate them and be a good American or would you be human and ask why? This has happened before in the USA and is known as McCarthyism. I f you spoke out against the government you would be branded a communist. Eventually more and more people came to their senses and began to rebel against the government. Another Reason I don’t agree with this Idea is because what if our country was invading another for the wrong reaso n and killing thousands of innocent lives. I think a life is worth more than some resources.Would you stand be your government knowing its killing innocent people for a profit? A country that has done this is the USA, it has invaded many countries for it resources. My final reason is you don’t have to support your government to have patriotism. Patriotism is the love for your country. The government and the country are two very different things. The government is the way a place is governed. I believe we should always be loyal to our country and loyal to the government only when it deserves it. An example happened a long time ago in the time of the Aztecs and the Spanish Conquistadors.Montezuma (Aztec king)  was  stoned to death  by his  own people because he represented the he Represented the Agenda of White Spaniards Once He Was Captured. If Montezuma had not listened to the Spaniards then they would have supported him. In conclusion, patriotism does not mean suppor ting your government during times of war. To be a patriot all you have to do is love your country and be willing to sacrifice to protect it. We don’t have to support the government but we do have to defend it from threats including from an oppressive government.

Prepare and Maintain Learning Environments

TDA 2. 12 1. 1 – Health and Safety – learning environments. The school has a strict policy that describes the needs of keeping children safe within their learning environment. It is not only important that children are safe in school but also that they feel safe themselves – this creates a comfortable place to work. It is important that children are safe when playing outdoors therefore the main front gate is kept locked when children are in the playground and only the teacher on duty holds a key. Safety indoor is manned by the site manager who performs some daily checks and some weekly checks on the various equipment. The site manager’s job is to ensure that the school building is free from hazards and obstructions as this will prevent children from having any unnecessary accidents. It is the teacher’s responsibility and our responsibility to make sure that the classroom is free from hazards as there are many risks that could occur. There is a general classroom risk assessment updated every month in order to avoid accidents. 1. 4 If using any safety equipment in my lessons, I would always ensure that this was properly set up and safe to use. I would test it myself by using the manufacturer’s guide, I would ask another member of staff if I still wasn’t sure. 2. 4 As our school is ‘eco-friendly’, we have many different recycling wastes in progress. One of these is paper recycling where any waste paper including mistaken printing/photocopying can be reused. Another recycling operation we have is food waste, excess food from the school canteen and fruit cores and skins from the children is all put into a separate bin. Other recycling includes bottles, plastic and general waste. 3. 2 The physical environment is constantly practiced as it is an on-going procedure within school. Maintenance of health and safety of the children is taken care of in many ways i. e. a child/ a group of children are never left on their own, gates are always locked around the school and children cannot open front door or back doors without the help of an adult. Only members off staff are able to enter the building using the thumb print security system. Areas are always made to ensure that children and adults are comfortable in their learning/working environment. In the winter, central heating is on and in the summer windows can be opened to let in fresh air. Spare raincoats and willies are provided for children (and adults) without during outdoor learning. Most discomforts that a child may complain about can be sorted using the equipment and staff in the school. On-going activities will have been pre-planned and therefore the best space to do the activity in will have already been allocated by the class teacher or whoever has prepared the activity. For example P. E. ctivities would be best done outside as there is plenty of room (and fresh air) however if it is raining the sports sessions would then be done in the hall. The area the activity takes place in would also depend on the size of the class or group taking part. The children within the group would also need to be taken into consideration, for example are there any children that have disabilities which would hinder their performance if they were taken outside. Also blind/deaf children , the activities in the area would be adapted to ensure ease for everyone.

Scoping and Screening in Environmental Impact Assesssment

AN OPTIONAL ESSAY ON COMPARING AND CONTRASTING THE ROLES OF â€Å"SCREENING† AND â€Å"SCOPING† IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT COURSE UNIT PLAN60411/PLAN40321 STUDENT ID :8528550 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact assessment is a systematic process that examines, analyses the environmental consequences of development or development action in advance (Glasson,J. el al 2005).It is a logical process for establishing and sustaining an environment of quality by incorporating environmental considerations into decision making; specifying and clarifying the environmental aspects of development proposals to decision makers; indicating ways of mitigation and proffering project alternatives. It involves crucial stages for its optimum desirability and success these include â€Å"screening† and â€Å"scoping†. This paper of discourse will clearly compare and contrast the roles of these indispensible tools used in environmenta l impact assessment process.DEFINATION OF TERMS Screening is a mechanism which seeks to focus on those projects with potentially significant adverse environmental impact or whose impacts are not fully known. Scoping is the process of identifying from a broad range of potential problems, a number of priority issues to be addressed by an environmental impact assessment. (Wathem,P 2004) SCOPE OF STUDY From the foregoing, we can construe that they are essential stages of environmental impact assessment.Screening and scoping are both preliminary stages of an environmental impact assessment, and executed systematically in stages which must be done in a logical and professional manner, especially in the case of an integrated environmental impact assessment approach. They both have approaches for the scrutiny of a proposed project for consequently crucial in decision making. Both share a major role: the execution of a successful environmental impact assessment as an effective protection and management tool, as resourceful as possible.Despite what roles they have in common, these components of requisite have distinctive features and approaches in the roles they play in the environmental impact assessment process. Screening is focused on the significance of an impact in the environment, while scoping works on the range of issues to be defined after level of impact significance. They have different approaches to their functionality; screening uses the following approaches: * Schedule 1 (EU: Annex 1) Environmental impact assessment is mandatory * Schedule 2 (EU: Annex 2)Environmental impact assessment is discretionary, according to thresholds. * Schedule 3 (EU: Annex 3) Further consideration of Schedule 2 projects example environmental sensitivity. The EIA regulations England SI No 1824 2011 While scoping uses * Scoping Checklist * Scoping Matrix * Network programming European commission guidance on EIA: Scoping(2001) Screening uses the Initial Environmental Examination o r evaluation (IEE) as its checks and balances. On the other hand, scoping uses Scoping and report/opinion and public input and participation through a Terms of Reference (TOR).Project screening, precedes project scoping. Hence, screening must be carried out before project scoping. It is recommended and not mandatory to public involvement and stakeholders in screening, scoping differing from screening deems it is mandatory and recommendable for public participants to be involved at the stage of environmental impact assessment. CONCLUSION It is usually difficult to overemphasis the roles played by screening and scoping in environmental impact assessment irrespective of how far they are in contrast or how close they are in comparison.What is imperative is that the success of an environmental impact assessment depends largely on how well they are conducted. REFERENCES Glasson, J. et al (2005): Introduction to impact Assessment; Routledge, Abingdon, 3rd Edition Wathern, P. (2004): Enviro nmental Impact Assessment, Theory And Practice: west Sussex London Journal On Environmental Impact Assessment Training (2002); Topic 4, UNEP

Environmental Distractions to Study Habits Essay

Every student is required to study the lessons given by the teacher. By means of proper time management, a student becomes successful in his entire intellectual endeavor. But what if there are environmental distractions in his study habits? What will happen to his learning activities? Environmental distractions in study habits make a student at a disadvantaged position if it cannot be fully determined and avoided. Therefore, environmental distractions are a hindrance to the intellectual development of a student. Environmental Distractions In order to avoid environmental distractions, it is required that a student must identify the things that gives problems to his studies. After all, how could he be successful in avoiding environmental distractions if he may not be able to identify them? Hence, correct identification of environmental distractions that might hinder the student from studying should be done. The environmental distractions to study habits may include emotional, physical and external distractions. Learning Support Center Paradise Valley Community mentioned that physical environment of the study area of a student relates to external distractions (â€Å"Improving Your Memory†). In other words, if the environment is noisy and unorganized, study habits of a student may be hampered. Since we are aware that studying includes memorization, a student cannot effectively study when there television is opened or used within his environment, when there are any people chatting around him and when sound effects around him is very disturbing. Therefore, the best way for a student to avoid external distractions is to find a place conducive for learning like a noise-free room. Learning Support Center Paradise Valley Community also mentioned that the study area of a student must have quite surroundings or those places that really intended for studying (â€Å"Improving Your Memory†). Moreover, Glendale Community College stated that a good study environment must be free from distractions that might hinder memorizing and understanding reading materials (â€Å"Study Skills†). There should also be rules to follow like having a desk intended totally for studying; not using television, radio and telephone while studying; closing the door of the study room so that people passing by it cannot distract a students attention; the study area should not be cluttered and unorganized and that the study environment should be clean and spacious (â€Å"Study Skills†). If all these can be followed, there is no doubt that a student can study properly. Lastly, a student must not dwell long to problems of the family and friends and even personal situations that can surely affect study habits. The environment should be free from emotional distractions so that the mind of a student will remain fresh and able to absorb new ideas being studied daily. Conclusion   A student needs a study area that is free from environmental distractions. This paper mentioned that environmental distractions involved emotional and physical distractions as well as external ones. Emotional distractions include family problems while physical and external distractions include television, radio, noisy environment and unorganized study area. Finally, the best way to attain an environment that is free from distraction is to identify the things that can distract a student and avoid them all. References Glendale Community College. (2008). Study Skills. Retrieved August 14, 2008, from   http://www.glendale.edu/new/services/counseling/study.htm. Learning Support Center Paradise Valley Community. (2008). Improving Your Memory. Retrieved August 14, 2008, from http://www.pvc.maricopa.edu/lsc/services/tips _improving_memory.htm.

DISCUSSION BOARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DISCUSSION BOARD - Essay Example al accountants are primarily focused on what the enterprise has done and how it has performed, managerial accountants are also concerned with what is happening now and what may happen in the future. Because they have different roles and different audiences, they also have different reporting methods, statements, and standards. Financial accounting has, as its basic goal, to provide clear and accurate information to external parties that will make decisions on credit and investment. Because this audience is wide and unknown to the preparer of the information, it is mandatory that the financial accountant follows traditional and acceptable conventions. The financial accountant will file income statements, balance sheets, cash flow, and earnings statements. To standardize the reporting process and give credibility to the reports, the financial accountant is required to follow Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures (GAAP). These reports are generated at set intervals, such as quarterly or yearly, and audited by independent auditors. These procedures insure that the decision-makers will have a reference point with which to make an informed decision. Managerial accountants, more focused on current and future business decisions, prepare statements to be used by internal decision-makers. These reports assess past performance as well as forecast the future direction of the enterprise. Because this information is used by management and directors to make daily decisions, it is focused on timeliness and centered on efficiency and return. The frequency that these reports are generated is set by the internal needs of the enterprise and may be daily or even on a real time or as needed basis. The reports are more apt to center on budgets, costs, forecasts, and efficiency than income or cash flow. An enterprise may have many custom statements and reports tailored to their individual requirements and because the information is only used internally, the only reporting standards

TESLA MOTORS, INC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TESLA MOTORS, INC - Research Paper Example Most people have welcomed the new developments brought about by making revolutionary electric cars, but there are still many that are still to be convinced that the electric way and specifically the route taken by Tesla is the future.This work is intended to highlight initiatives that can get more customers on-board1. One of the most apparent concerns by customers about electric cars is the issue of mirage since this specific sector is not as adequately supported by other parties such as power supply. The primary purpose as to why the firm has been in a position to succeed in the market is because it has found a way to achieve a commendable mirage from its batteries. In a revolutionary platform that Tesla built for itself, solving one issue cause the rise of another. The fire that broke out in the Model S raised national and international concerns that the car may not be safe. The source of the fire was recognized to be as a result of an object hitting the batteries at speed.2 Tesla hence has to revise its strategy of building batteries while deliberating over the two issues. Safety is the key concern since the company has already achieved the installation of the batteries that offer the highest mirage in the market. Increasing this mirage is of course a major consideration to be made, but safety should be the key issue. It is essential to get a way to install the batteries in a part of the car that does not pose a hazard for its occupants. Although the Roadster and the Model S can both be considered as successes for the company on the bases of economics and laying a favorable foundation for the company to establish itself, the company has failed to establish a wide range of vehicles for customers to select from. This is of utmost importance seeing to it that competitors have already realized that Tesla is capable of providing proper competition. But Tesla still has some shortcomings such as the availability of only two models for

DNA fingerprinting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DNA fingerprinting - Essay Example It helps in identification of an identity with full confirmation (Brinton, K., & Lieberman, K).Scientists use the unique markers, match them up in order to form a permanent fingerprint. It is useful in obtaining the identification needs and it also helps in providing information in case of missing people. We can find out through the samples that they belong to one person, related people or non related people. There are various forms of DNA fingerprinting which includes Southern Blot, through which scientists analyze the genetic pattern which is a part of a person’s DNA. In it the isolation of DNA from rest of the cellular material is done followed by cutting the DNA into several pieces and then gel electrophoresis is done and finally the blotting of the DNA is done (National Health Museum). Another kind of fingerprinting includes Restriction fragment polymorphism which analyzes the lengths of the strands of DNA. Polymerase chain reaction was used in laboratories for hereditary authentication. Amplified fragment length polymorphism is also an important kind of fingerprinting. The most widely used kind of DNA fingerprinting is the short tandem repeat method which helps in extracting the DNA. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION OF DNA FINGERPRINTING: DNA fingerprinting helps in determining Paternity and maternity, as a person inherits the VNTRS from his mother and father that’s why it helps in finding biological parents. It also helps in finding personal identification. the fingerprints which are formed from the genetic bar codes helps in identifying individuals. It is very important in criminal suspects and criminal identifications. DNA material which is from blood, hair, skin cells and other genetic proofs are available at the crime scene. These DNA fingerprinting is thus helpful in finding the criminals, guilty people and the innocent people. DNA fingerprinting also helps in testing for the ethnicity. Overall the tests are very helpful in finding deceased people identification (Benefits & Limites of DNA Fingerprinting) It is a very helpful method in finding bodies and identifications of soldiers who are killed in wars. It also helps in finding inherited disorders in new born babies and prenatal babies. DISADVANTAGES OF DNA FINGERPRINTING: Fingerprinting process requires proper quality control methods and regulations along with proper standardization in order for it to be accepted universally. There are not many places and labs which can conduct the DNA fingerprinting process well, overall there are only few proper labs who can provide accurate results for DNA fingerprinting. The probability of DNA sequence of being similar is just one in 50 billion which is extremely low. There is also a problem of population genetics as the genetic inheritance are not distributed evenly and they are not the same overall across the human beings. There are few technical difficulties as well in DNA fingerprinting process, It required to be run on vario us samples and twice. There is another important disadvantage of threat of the results being used for privacy concerns. Complete confidentiality is required and the information should not be shared with anyone except the owner. REFERENCES: Benefits & Limites

Poetry & Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poetry & Response - Essay Example The third part is the animated segments which is the illustration of the poem itself. I appreciated how the movie was structured. At first I thought that it was just a simple biography of Ginsberg but after watching the movie, I realized it was not a biopic but it actually focused on the poem â€Å"Howl†. I find the film entertaining with its crossing of different time periods and animation techniques. I think the animation is quite traditional but very imaginative. I am impressed with the contrast presented by the monochrome flashbacks as against the colorful courtroom scenes. I admired the interesting courtroom scenes especially since I learned that the dialogue used was derived from the actual courtroom transcripts. That is important to me because I know that the movie was faithful to facts. However, I think that the courtroom scenes would have been more meaningful if Ginsberg was present Bravo to James Franco’s portrayal of the young Ginsberg which fits him to a â€Å"T†. I consider his performance as outstanding and convincing. I appreciate Franco’s intonation and inflection since it was an accurate depiction of Ginsberg’s way of speaking. Kudos too to Jon Hamm and David Strathairn who played their roles perfectly as warring lawyers. In conclusion, I think that â€Å"Howl† was effective in bringing a radical literary piece to the movies and making it come alive. The performance of the actors contributed much to the boldness and worthiness of this film. The movie’s value is in its innovativeness in interspersing the courtroom drama with the elaborate animation and the rendition of the key moments of Ginsberg’s youth. I would gladly watch this movie again and recommend it to my

Newspapers and Television Media Forum Types Essay

Newspapers and Television Media Forum Types - Essay Example The researcher states that there are immensely significant problems that both newspapers and television point out, and under the domains of the political regimes, the same become even more important. These touch upon the negativities that have marred the politics of the time, the constant developments happening for the sake of the masses, the inter-linkages and relationships that have cropped up every now and then amongst the political forces, and so on and so forth. The need is to understand how the newspapers and television have been able to cover just about everything that is of interest to the general audiences, who are the masses indeed. The element of exposing the political process is something that comes out in the open with the incorporation of the newspapers and television in the long run. What is even more necessary is an understanding that newspapers and television have been associated with finding out the details that no other avenue of life has been able to muster up. Th e element of persuasion attached to both newspapers and television is there because people depend on them for their credibility that they bring to the fore. Merely the fact that the news is present on the airwaves or in the print suggests that it has credibility which could be trusted upon and sought verification from the people who are in charge of the same. However, there are trust issues amongst the people from different cross-sections of life but more or less, the people do believe the written word and the news that are run on the television. Within a political campaign, the persuasion is a core basis of the work that the newspapers and television do. Both these media forums basically educate and inform the voters about the role of the political parties and the campaigns that are being done. What is even more significant is the fact that the element of persuasion gets an indelible impression on the minds and hearts of the people if they have read it in the newspapers or seen it for their own selves on the television. An element of belongingness seems to come along with what is there on the newspapers and on television. This is the reason why many political campaigns center on the usage of both newspapers and television for their political mileage as well as to reach select target audiences. This is one of the core reasons why immense success has been achieved within the related ranks under the discussion of persuasion leading up to the political campaigns and processes.

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay - 7

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Essay Example Without a doubt, there is an evident distance between the narrator and her husband as revealed in the story. This paper will carry out a critical analysis of the narrator explaining the changes that happened to her and why the changes proved to be highly significant. From the first line of the story, it is evident that the narrator is a female, married to a man named John. In addition, the couple belongs to the middle class as highlighted when the narrator says they were â€Å"mere ordinary people†. The narrator goes further to introduce the reader to the fact that they secured an ancestral home for their summer vacation (Gilman 1). The ancestral home is an important aspect of the narrator because it has features that trigger her imagination. The narrator has just given birth to a newborn baby and has been diagnosed with a form of depression. Probably, the narrator suffers from post-partum depression. The reader can also note that the narrator exhibits a sensitive temperament and is a committed writer. Since she is suffering from depression, her husband recommended her to avoid any form of work that may stimulate her intellectual capacities. Her husband is a physician by profession, explaining why he recommends a rest cure for her. Howeve r, the narrator disagrees with the views of her husband. She believes that the rest cure is only denying her an opportunity to indulge in her imagination. For this reason, she chooses to secretly write down journals that focus on the intriguing things she identifies in the house. She has identified a yellow wallpaper in the bedroom, which defines her center of obsession (5). Her husband’s sister ensures that she does not indulge in any involving work. However, the narrator develops tactics of keeping her writing a secret. She spends a lot of time analyzing the yellow wallpaper and trying to understand its meaning. Eventually, the narrator begins